\"personal military service\"

Remplacement militaire was a system of military conscription which existed in France and Belgium in the 19th century under which citizens selected for military service by lot were entitled to pay a sum of money, originally enough to pay a substitute to volunteer to serve in their place, to exempt them from being required to serve in the military personally. Although considered an important civic liberty, the policy favoured the rich and was detrimental to military efficiency. It was abolished in Belgium in 1913 and replaced by a system of \"personal military service\" : a form of universal conscription.

Zaprionus tuberculatus is a member of the subgenus and genus Zaprionus, family Drosophilidae, and order Diptera. It is an invasive fruit fly that originated in Africa, but can also be found in Europe and Asia. The fly earned its common name, the \"vinegar fly\", because researchers frequently captured the species using vinegar traps. Z. tuberculatus was previously considered a strictly tropical fly, but evidence of invasion to nontropical regions such as Turkey has been shown.

Yelena Fyodorovna Kolesova was the commander of a partisan unit of the Soviet special forces during World War II. After dying in battle in a successful attack on a German fortress in Vydritsa, Kolesova was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 21 November 1944.